Voter Fraud Convictions in the 2016-2020 Elections

^{Last updated February 27, 2023}

Quick Facts:

There have been 268 convictions across 36 states for voter fraud in all US elections between 2016 and 2020.
132 convictions related to a presidential or congressional race: 124 cases involved one vote, three cases had seven votes or less, and two cases had an unknown number of votes.
The political affiliations are known for 153 defendants: 38.6% of those convicted were Democrats, 42.5% were Republicans, while the remainder were Independent, nonpartisan, or unaffiliated.
Donald Trump lost the 2016 popular vote by 2.8 million votes and the 2020 election by 7 million votes.

Since 2012, Donald Trump and many other Republicans have claimed there was substantial voter fraud in US elections and that, if not for that fraud, Trump would have won the popular vote in the 2016 election (he lost by 2,868,686 million votes), and would have won the 2020 election (he lost by 7,052,770 million votes) and be president today.

To try to gain an objective view of the election and voter fraud claims, this section charts all election and voter fraud convictions in US elections between 2016 and 2020.

There have been 268 election and voter fraud convictions to date – including fraudulently voting and registering to vote, false declaration of candidacy, and facilitating or attempting to vote illegally. Shown below are convictions from the 2016, 2018, and 2020 federal elections, as well as other types of elections, with a focus on the potential election impact on congressional or presidential election results.

The information below comes from online news stories, official court records, the Heritage Foundation Election Fraud Database, and other sources. We have included our own summaries.

Please let us know of any voter fraud convictions we have missed. Note: We have attempted to add the case number and political party for every case listed on this page. We will continue to look for the information currently listed as “not found.”

Summary Chart: 2016-2020 Voter Fraud Convictions by State

1. Alabama – 2 Convictions	10. Iowa – 1 Conviction	19. Nebraska – 2 Convictions	28. Oklahoma – 3 Convictions
2. Arizona – 12 Convictions	11. Kansas – 5 Convictions	20. Nevada – 6 Convictions	29. Oregon – 7 Convictions
3. Arkansas – 1 Conviction	12. Kentucky – 1 Conviction	21. New Hampshire – 13 Convictions	30. Pennsylvania – 15 Convictions
4. California – 20 Convictions	13. Louisiana – 6 Conviction	22. New Jersey – 1 Conviction	31. Tennessee – 2 Convictions
5. Colorado – 8 Convictions	14. Maryland – 2 Convictions	23. New Mexico – 2 Convictions	32. Texas – 17 Convictions
6. Connecticut – 2 Convictions	15. Michigan – 3 Convictions	24. New York – 1 Conviction	33. Virginia – 9 Convictions
7. Florida – 24 Convictions	16. Minnesota – 15 Convictions	25. North Carolina – 30 Convictions	34. Washington – 3 Convictions
8. Illinois – 15 Convictions	17. Mississippi – 6 Convictions	26. North Dakota – 2 Convictions	35. West Virginia – 9 Convictions
9. Indiana – 3 Conviction	18. Missouri – 1 Conviction	27. Ohio – 6 Convictions	36. Wisconsin – 13 Convictions

Detailed Chart: 268 Voter Fraud Convictions between 2016 and 2020

ALABAMA – Convictions for Voter Fraud

	A. Conviction Details	B. Background	C. Potential Election Impact
1.	Election Year: 2020 Name: Alyse Fowler Party Affiliation: Not Found^[1]According to the “Register to Vote / Update Your Information” webpage of the Alabama Secretary of State, “applicants for voter registration do not declare a political party affiliation when … Continue reading Offense and Sentencing: Alyse Fowler pleaded guilty on November 8, 2022, to providing false voter information in relation to offenses committed during the August 2020 Elba Municipal Election in Alabama.^[2]Richard Everett, “Elba Attorney Set to Enter Guilty Plea,” wdhn.com, October 19, 2019 Fowler was sentenced to one year of unsupervised probation, 50 hours of community service and $1,000 in fines and court costs.^[3]Ken Curtis, “Elba Attorney Fined; Community Service Ordered in Voter Fraud Case,” wtvy.com, November 9, 2022	“An Elba attorney who pleaded guilty to voter registration fraud will perform 50 hours of community service, but she won’t be jailed. Alyse Fowler must also pay $1,000 in fines, court costs, and is placed on unsupervised probation for one year. A six-month jail sentence was suspended. As part of her plea agreement, the Alabama Attorney General’s Office promises to pursue no additional charges against her. Fowler admitted she voted illegally in Elba’s 2020 municipal election when she claimed to live in Coffee County, though she resided in Covington County.”^[4]Ken Curtis, “Elba Attorney Fined; Community Service Ordered in Voter Fraud Case,” wtvy.com, November 9, 2022 Case Notes: Case Number: Not Found	Type of Election: Municipal Party Affiliation: Not Found Theoretical Election Effect: No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
2.	Election Year: 2016 Name: Elbert Melton, Jr Party Affiliation: Non-Partisan^[5]Municipal elections are nonpartisan, according to Assistant Legal Counsel, Alabama Secretary of State’s Office response on August 10, 2021. According to the “Register to Vote / Update Your … Continue reading Offense and Sentencing: Elbert Melton, Jr was convicted of voter fraud and released on bond on 1/16/2019.^[6]AP News, “Alabama Mayor Convicted of Voter Fraud, Removed from Office,” altoday.com, January 17, 2019 One month later he was sentenced to one year in jail to be followed by two years of probation.^[7]AP News, “Former Gordon Mayor Elbert Melton Convicted of Voter Fraud, Sentenced to Year in Jail,” altoday.com, February 20, 2019 On 4/3/2020, an application for rehearing at the Criminal Court of Appeals was overruled. On 6/12/2020 the Supreme Court of Alabama denied a writ of certiorari that would have led to a case review.	“The mayor of Gordon, Alabama, has been convicted of voter fraud and removed from office. News outlets report Elbert Melton was convicted … of unlawfully falsifying ballots when he was elected in 2016. … This conviction strips him of his office. … Melton was charged in September with absentee ballot fraud and second-degree theft of property.”^[8]AP News, “Alabama Mayor Convicted of Voter Fraud, Removed from Office,” altoday.com, January 17, 2019 “Melton,… illegally notarized two ballots, without witnesses present, during the 2016 election in which he was running for mayor.”^[9]Heritage Foundation, “Election Fraud Cases – Elbert Melton,” heritage.org, accessed on May 10, 2022 Case Notes: Elbert Melton, Jr. v. State of Alabama Houston Circuit Court: CC-17-1469; CC-17-1470 Criminal Appeals: CR-18-0498 Supreme Court of Alabama: 1190573	Type of Election: Mayoral Party Affiliation: Non-Partisan Theoretical Election Effect: No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections

	A. Conviction Details	B. Background	C. Potential Election Impact
3.	Election Year: 2020 Name: Guillermina Fuentes Party Affiliation: Democrat^[10]Bob Christie, “Records Show Coordinated Arizona Ballot Collection Scheme,” apnews.com, June 1, 2022 Offense and Sentencing: Guillermina Fuentes pleaded guilty on 6/2/2022 to one felony count of ballot abuse in relation to offences committed during an August 2020 primary election.^[11]Arizona Attorney General Mark Brnovich, “Guillermina Fuentes Enters Guilty Plea in Yuma County Ballot Harvesting Case,” azag.gov, June 2, 2022 Fuentes was sentenced on 10/13/2022 to 30 days imprisonment followed by two years of probation.^[12]Arizona Attorney General Mark Brnovich, “Yuma County Women Sentenced for their Roles in Ballot Harvesting Scheme,” azag.gov, October 14, 2022	“Guillermina Fuentes of San Luis pleaded guilty on Thursday [6/2/2022] to one count of Ballot Abuse, a Class 6 Felony, for her role in an August 2020 Primary Election ‘ballot harvesting’ scheme where early ballots from other voters were collected and deposited into a ballot box on primary Election Day. … Arizona law only provides for a family member, household member, or caregiver of the voter to collect voted or unvoted early ballots from another person.”^[13]Arizona Attorney General Mark Brnovich, “Guillermina Fuentes Enters Guilty Plea in Yuma County Ballot Harvesting Case,” azag.gov, June 2, 2022 Case Notes: State of Arizona v. Alma Yadira Juarez and Guillermina Fuentes Case Number: S-1400-CR-202101029 / 87 SGJ 230 [Indictment Number] Indictment and Plea Agreement	Type of Election: Municipal Primary Party Affiliation: Democrat Theoretical Election Effect: No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
4.	Election Year: 2020 Name: Alma Yadira Juarez Party Affiliation: Unclear, her co-defendent was a Democrat^[14]Associated Press, “2 Women To Be Sentenced in Southern Arizona Ballot Harvesting Case,” azcentral.com, Jul 7, 2022 Offense and Sentencing: Alma Yadira Juarez pleaded guilty in March 2022 to one misdemeanor count of ballot abuse in relation to offences committed during an August 2020 primary election.^[15]Arizona Attorney General Mark Brnovich, “Alma Juarez Enters Guilty Plea in Yuma County Ballot Harvesting Case,” azag.gov, March 2, 2022 Juarez was sentenced on 10/13/2022 to 12 months of probation.^[16]Arizona Attorney General Mark Brnovich, “Yuma County Women Sentenced for their Roles in Ballot Harvesting Scheme,” azag.gov, October 14, 2022	“Alma Juarez of San Luis pleaded guilty to one count of Ballot Abuse for her role in an August 2020 Primary Election ‘ballot harvesting’ scheme where early ballots from other voters were collected and deposited into a ballot box on primary Election Day. … Arizona law only provides for a family member, household member, or caregiver of the voter to collect voted or unvoted early ballots from another person.”^[17]Arizona Attorney General Mark Brnovich, “Alma Juarez Enters Guilty Plea in Yuma County Ballot Harvesting Case,” azag.gov, March 2, 2022 Case Notes: State of Arizona v. Alma Yadira Juarez and Guillermina Fuentes Case Number: S-1400-CR-202001214 / 87 SGJ 230 [Indictment Number] Indictment and Plea Agreement	Type of Election: Municipal Primary Party Affiliation: Not Found Theoretical Election Effect: No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
5.	Election Year: 2020 Name: Roberto Garcia Party Affiliation: Not Found ^[18]According to the Arizona voter registration form, voters in Arizona can list their party preference as Republican, Democratic, Other, or None. – Source: Office of the Secretary of State Katie … Continue reading Offense and Sentencing: Roberto Garcia pleaded guilty on 7/25/2022 to one count of illegal voting for illegally casting a vote in the November 2020 presidential election.^[19]Arizona Attorney General Mark Brnovich, “San Tan Valley Man Pleads Guilty to Illegal Voting in 2020 Election,” azag.gov, July 27, 2022 Garcia was sentenced on 9/12/2022, to one and a half years imprisonment to run concurrently with a sentence he is already serving for an unrelated crime.^[20]Tom Joyce, “Arizona Man Sentencedfor Illegally Voting in 2020 Presidential Election,” washingtonexaminer.com, September 14, 2022	“Roberto Garcia of San Tan Valley entered a guilty plea on Monday, July 25, 2022 in Pinal County Superior Court to one count of Illegal Voting for illegally casting a vote in the 2020 General Election while he was not eligible to do so due to prior felony convictions. … Garcia falsely completed a voter registration form indicating that he had not been convicted of a felony or that his rights had been restored. Garcia however,… had not had his rights restored.”^[21]Arizona Attorney General Mark Brnovich, “San Tan Valley Man Pleads Guilty to Illegal Voting in 2020 Election,” azag.gov, July 27, 2022 Case Notes: The State of Arizona v. Roberto Garcia Case Number: S-1100-CR-2022-00575 Indictment and Plea	Type of Election: Presidential Party Affiliation: Not Found Theoretical Election Effect: 1 illegal vote, party unknown
6.	Election Year: 2020 Name: Tracey Kay McKee Party Affiliation: Republican^[22]Jeremy Duda, “Scottsdale Woman Indicted for Casting Dead Mother’s Ballot,” azmirror.com, July 13, 2021 Offense and Sentencing: Tracey Kay Mckee pleaded guilty on 1/26/2022 to “a felony count of Attempted Illegal Voting … in the 2020 General Election.”^[23]Office of Attorney General Mark Brnovich, “Scottsdale Woman Pleads Guilty for Casting Illegal Vote in the Name of Her Deceased Mother,” azag.gov, February 1, 2022 McKee was sentenced on 4/29/2022 to two years of supervised probation, 100 hours of community service, and over $2000 in associated fees.^[24]Superior Court of Arizona, County of Maricopa, State of Arizona v. Tracey Kay McKee Case Number: CR-2021001430 – Sentencing Order	“A Scottsdale woman pleaded guilty last week to submitting her dead mother’s ballot in the 2020 general election. Tracey Kay McKee, 64, admitted to mailing in an early ballot after signing her mother’s name on the envelope, the Arizona Attorney General’s Office said … McKee’s mother, Mary Arendt, died Oct. 5, 2020, two days before the start of the early voting period.”^[25]KTAR.com, “Scottsdale Woman Pleads Guilty in Voter Fraud Case for Sending in Dead Mother’s Ballot,” ktar.com, February 1, 2022 “McKee has been a registered Republican for the last two decades. Arendt was a Republican for at least 35 years.”^[26]Brahm Resnik, “How a Scottsdale Woman and Her Late Mother Were Swept Up in Volunteers’ Investigation of ‘Dead Voters’,” 12news.com, July 14, 2021 Case Notes: The State of Arizona v. Tracey Kay McKee Case Number: CR-2021-001430 Indictment, Plea Agreement, and Sentencing Order	Type of Election: Presidential Party Affiliation: Republican Theoretical Election Effect: 1 illegal Republican vote
7.	Election Year: 2016, 2018, and 2020 Name: Joseph John Marak Party Affiliation: Not Found^[27]According to the Arizona voter registration form, voters in Arizona can list their party preference as Republican, Democratic, Other, or None. – Source: Office of the Secretary of State Katie … Continue reading Offense and Sentencing: Joseph John Marak pleaded guilty in January 2022 to one felony count of “Submission of a Materially False Voter Registration Application”^[28]United States Attorney’s Office, District of Arizona, “Surprise Man Sentenced for Illegal Voting ,” justice.gov, March 25, 2022 in which he falsely certified that ‘I am not a convicted felon’.”^[29]ADI Staff Reporter, “Surprise Convicted Felon Sentenced For Illegal Voting,” arizonadailyindependent.com, March 27, 2022 Marak was sentenced on 3/25/2022 to 30 months of supervised probation and a $2,400 fine.^[30]United States Attorney’s Office, District of Arizona, “Surprise Man Sentenced for Illegal Voting ,” justice.gov, March 25, 2022	“[Joseph John] Marak, age 62, of Surprise, pleaded guilty in January 2022 to submitting a voter registration application in which he falsely certified that ‘I am not a convicted felon.’ Marak’s certification was false because in August 2011, he was convicted of extortion while serving in the U.S. Army and was sentenced to 72 months in prison. Marak admitted that based upon his fraudulent registration, he voted in six federal elections from 2016 to 2020.”^[31]ADI Staff Reporter, “Surprise Convicted Felon Sentenced For Illegal Voting,” arizonadailyindependent.com, March 27, 2022 Case Notes: Case Number: CR-22-00021-SMB	Type of Election: Presidential, Primary, Midterm Party Affiliation: Not Found Theoretical Election Effect: 6 illegal votes, party unknown
8.	Election Year: 2020 Name: Krista Michelle Conner Party Affiliation: Republican^[32]Darik News, “AZ Woman Pleads Guilty to Voter Fraud; Another Accused of Illegal Voting,” darik.news, February 2, 2022 Offense and Sentencing: Krista Michelle Conner pleaded guilty on 4/4/2022 to one count of attempted illegal voting “for casting a vote in the name of a deceased person through an early ballot cast in the 2020 General Election.”^[33]Arizona Attorney General Mark Brnovich, “Cochise County Woman Pleads Guilty for Casting a Vote in Name of Deceased Mother,” azag.gov, March 4, 2022 Conner was sentenced on 6/6/2022 to three years of supervised probation, 100 hours of community service, and $890 in fines and surcharges; Conner also loses the right to vote whilst on probation.^[34]Arizona Attorney General Mark Brnovich, “Cochise County Woman Sentenced For Casting the Early Ballot of Her Deceased Mother,” azag.gov, June 6, 2022	“Krista Michelle Conner, a Cochise County resident, has pleaded guilty for casting a vote in the name of a deceased person through an early ballot cast in the 2020 General Election. … Conner had been previously charged in a felony indictment handed down on October 25, 2021, following allegations that she signed the name of a deceased registered voter named Caroline Jeanne Sullivan to an early ballot envelope. Conner is the daughter of Sullivan, who died on September 7, 2020.”^[35]Arizona Attorney General Mark Brnovich, “Cochise County Woman Pleads Guilty for Casting a Vote in Name of Deceased Mother,” azag.gov, March 4, 2022 Case Notes: The State of Arizona v. Krista Michelle Conner Case Number: S-0200-CR-202100868 Indictment and Plea Agreement	Type of Election: Presidential Party Affiliation: Republican Theoretical Election Effect: 1 illegal Republican vote
9.	Election Year: 2020 Name: Victor John Varela Party Affiliation: Independent^[36]Adrian Skabelund, “Primary Election Likely for Flagstaff Mayor’s Race, No Primary for Council Race,” azdailysun.com, April 8, 2020 Offense and Sentencing: Victor John Varela pleaded guilty in April 2020 “to one felony count of ‘presentment of a false instrument for filing’ in exchange for the dismissal” of three further felony charges and eight misdemeanor charges^[37]Brady Wheeler, “Disgraced Flagstaff Mayoral Candidate Varela Sentenced to Two Years of Probation for Forgery,” azdailysun.com, April 30, 2021 in relation to offenses committed between January 2020 and April 2020.^[38]Arizona Attorney General Mark Brnovich, “Former Flagstaff Mayoral Candidate Indicted for Submitting Forged Signatures,” azag.gov, July 31, 2020 Varela was sentenced on 4/30/2021 to two years of probation and a $5,000 fine.^[39]Brady Wheeler, “Disgraced Flagstaff Mayoral Candidate Varela Sentenced to Two Years of Probation for Forgery,” azdailysun.com, April 30, 2021	“Victor Varela, 59, admitted to the Arizona Daily Sun last year that he had knowingly submitted fraudulent signatures in order to appear on the ballot in the August primary for mayor. … The falsified petition included more than 1,000 signatures, many including fake names and fake addresses. More than 700 of the addresses Varela used were not registered with the city’s mapping system … In instances where real addresses were used, many were names of residents who did not live at the address or who were not real and had not signed.”^[40]Brady Wheeler, “Disgraced Flagstaff Mayoral Candidate Varela Sentenced to Two Years of Probation for Forgery,” azdailysun.com, April 30, 2021 Case Notes: The State of Arizona v. Victor John Valera Case Number: S-0300-CR-202000609 Indictment and Sentencing Order	Type of Election: Ballot Petition before a Mayoral Election Party Affiliation: Independent Theoretical Election Effect: No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
10.	Election Year: 2020 Name: Melinda Sue Baird Party Affiliation: Not Found^[41]According to the Arizona voter registration form, voters in Arizona can list their party preference as Republican, Democratic, Other, or None. – Source: Office of the Secretary of State Katie … Continue reading Offense and Sentencing: Melinda Sue Baird pleaded guilty on 12/7/2021^[42]Maricopa County Justice Courts, “Justice Courts Case Information – Case History – Case Number: JC2021-138832,” http://justicecourts.maricopa.gov, accessed on May 24, 2022 to one count of “Presenting a False Instrument for Filing for signing and mailing her deceased mother’s early ballot in the 2020 General Election.”^[43]Arizona Attorney General’s Office – Fraud & Special Prosecutions Section, “Prosecutions Related to Voting or Elections Since 2010,” azag.gov, March 2022 Baird was sentenced to probation, 100 hours of community service, and a $1,000 fine plus associated fees.^[44]Arizona Attorney General’s Office – Fraud & Special Prosecutions Section, “Prosecutions Related to Voting or Elections Since 2010,” azag.gov, March 2022	“Melinda Sue Baird … pleaded guilty to Presenting a False Instrument for Filing for signing and mailing her deceased mother’s early ballot in the 2020 General Election. Sentenced to a term of probation, 100 hours of community service, and a $1,000.00 fine + surcharges. Defendant completed community restitution in lieu of the monetary obligation, thereby terminating her probation.”^[45]Arizona Attorney General’s Office – Fraud & Special Prosecutions Section, “Prosecutions Related to Voting or Elections Since 2010,” azag.gov, March 2022 Case Notes: The State of Arizona v. Melinda Sue Baird Case Number: JC 2021-138832	Type of Election: Presidential Party Affiliation: Not Found Theoretical Election Effect: 1 illegal vote, party unknown
11.	Election Year: 2020 Name: Victor Manuael Aguirre Party Affiliation: Not Found^[46]According to the Arizona voter registration form, voters in Arizona can list their party preference as Republican, Democratic, Other, or None. – Source: Office of the Secretary of State Katie … Continue reading Offense and Sentencing: Victor Manuel Aguirre pleaded guilty on 7/22/2022 to one felony count of attempted illegal voting in relation to offenses committed between October 22, 2020 and November 3, 2020.^[47]Superior Court of the State of Arizona In and For the County of Pima, The State of Arizon v. Victor Manuel Aguirre – Plea Agreement Aguirre was sentenced on 8/29/2022 to six months imprisonment with 36 days credit for time served, to be followed by an undefined period of community supervision. He was also charged $469 in associated fees.^[48] Arizona Superior Court, Pima County, The State of Arizon v. Victor Manuel Aguirre – Minute Entry: Sentence of Imprisonment	“An Arizona man who was accused of illegally voting in the 2020 general election will spend half a year in prison for his crimes. Victor Manuel Aguirre was sentenced to six months behind bars on Monday as part of a plea deal. A grand jury indicted the 47-year-old from Sahuarita, a town in Pima County, last year after investigators said he registered to vote and cast a ballot in the 2020 election even though he was a convicted felon. They also said he filled out the voter registration form while jailed in Pima County.”^[49]David Baker, “Arizona Man Sentenced to Prison for Illegally Voting in 2020 Election,” azfamily.com, August 31, 2022 Case Notes: The State of Arizon v. Victor Manuel Aguirre Case Number: CR20212921-001 Plea Agreement and Sentencing	Type of Election: Presidential Party Affiliation: Not Found Theoretical Election Effect: 1 illegal vote, party unknown
12.	Election Year: 2016 and 2018 Name: Marcia Johnson Party Affiliation: Not Found^[50]According to the Arizona voter registration form, voters in Arizona can list their party preference as Republican, Democratic, Other, or None. – Source: Office of the Secretary of State Katie … Continue reading Offense and Sentencing: Marcia Johnson “pleaded guilty in December 2021 to casting two ballots in the November 2018 federal election.”^[51]United States Attorney’s Office, District of Arizona, “Lake Havasu City Woman Sentenced for Casting Illegal Vote,” justice.gov, February 28, 2022 Johnson was sentenced on 2/28/2022 to one year of supervised probation and a $1,000 fine.^[52]United States Attorney’s Office, District of Arizona, “Lake Havasu City Woman Sentenced for Casting Illegal Vote,” justice.gov, February 28, 2022	“[Marcia] Johnson pleaded guilty in December 2021 to casting two ballots in the November 2018 federal election. Johnson voted twice by casting her own mail-in ballot as well as the one that was sent to her father, who died in 2012 and whose name had remained on the Mohave County voter rolls. According to the charging document, mail-in ballots sent to Johnson’s deceased father were returned in seven other federal elections after his 2012 death.”^[53]United States Attorney’s Office, District of Arizona, “Lake Havasu City Woman Sentenced for Casting Illegal Vote,” justice.gov, February 28, 2022 Case Notes: Case Number: CR-21-08140-PHX-DJH	Type of Election: Presidential, Midterm Party Affiliation: Not Found Theoretical Election Effect: +/-7 illegal vote(s), party unknown
13.	Election Year: 2016 Name: Richard John Greenfield Party Affiliation: Republican^[54]Arizona Daily Independent News Service, “80 Year-Old Tucson Man Gets Probation, Fine, Community Service For Voter Fraud,” arizonadailyindependent.com, October 3, 2019 Offense and Sentencing: Richard John Greenfield pleaded guilty in Pima County, Arizona, on 8/26/2019 to “one felony count of Attempted Illegal Voting … committed on or about October 21, 2016 through November 8, 2016.”^[55]Arizona Superior Court, Pima County, “Minute Entry: Change of Plea – Case Number CR-2019-2680,” sc.pima.gov, August 26, 2019 Greenfield was sentenced to two years supervised probation, 100 hours of community restitution, and a fine of $2,500; he also lost the right to vote in Arizona while on probation.^[56]Arizona Attorney General Mark Brnovich, “Arizona Man Sentenced to Two Years Probation for Voter Fraud,” azag.gov, October 3, 2019	“Attorney General Mark Brnovich announced 80-year-old Richard John Greenfield was sentenced to two years of probation for voting twice in the 2016 General Election. … In August 2019, Greenfield pleaded guilty to one felony count of Attempted Illegal Voting. He admitted that he voted once in Pima County, Arizona and once in Washoe County, Nevada. … Greenfield’s conduct was initially identified and referred to the Attorney General’s Office by the Arizona Secretary of State’s Office in 2018.”^[57]Katie Conner, “Arizona Man Sentenced to Two Years Probation for Voter Fraud,” azag.gov, October 3, 2019 Case Notes: The State of Arizona v. Richard John Greenfield Case Number: CR-2019-2680 Indictment and Plea Agreement	Type of Election: Presidential Party Affiliation: Republican Theoretical Election Effect: 1 illegal Republican vote
14.	Election Year: 2016 Name: Randy Allen Jumper Party Affiliation: Former Republican, currently Independent / Non-Partisan Voter^[58]Dylan Smith, “Tucson Man Faces Felony Charges for Voting Twice in 2016 Election,” tucsonsentinel.com, August 22, 2019 Offense and Sentencing: Randy Allen Jumper pleaded guilty in Pima County, Arizona, on 6/15/2020 to “Attempted Illegal Voting … committed during a period on or about October 14, 2016, and evening on or about November 8, 2016.”^[59]Arizona Attorney General Mark Brnovich, “Plea Agreement – Case Number CR-2019-3452-001,” azag.gov, June 15, 2020 Jumper was sentenced on 7/20/2020 to three years probation, 300 hours of community service, and a fine of $5,000; he also lost the right to vote in Arizona and from re-registering to vote while on probation.^[60]Arizona Attorney General Mark Brnovich, “Former Tucson Man Sentenced for Double Voting in 2016 Election,” azag.gov, July 22, 2020	“A Tucson man is facing charges for illegally casting two ballots in the 2016 election — once in Pima County [AZ] and once in Nevada. Randy Allen Jumper, a longtime Republican who cast his last ballot as an independent … was a regular voter; he cast a ballot in ‘virtually every primary and general going back to the ’80s,’ Deputy Pima County Recorder Chris Roads told TucsonSentinel.com … The last ballot he cast here was in 2016 … In Nevada, Jumper is registered as a nonpartisan voter. He registered there in July 2016, online records show.”^[61]Dylan Smith, “Tucson Man Faces Felony Charges for Voting Twice in 2016 Election,” tucsonsentinel.com, August 22, 2019 Case Notes: The State of Arizona v. Randy Allen Jumper Case Number: CR-2019-3452 Indictment and Plea Agreement	Type of Election: Presidential Party Affiliation: Former Republican, currently Independent / Non-Partisan Voter Theoretical Election Effect: 1 illegal vote, party unknown

	A. Conviction Details	B. Background	C. Potential Election Impact
16.	Election Year: 2020 Name: Hugh Alexander Campbell, known as Alex Campbell Party Affiliation: Republican^[67]Del Norte Republicans, “Vote 2020” Election Mailer, accessed March 28, 2022 Offense and Sentencing: Alex Campbell pleaded guilty on 3/2/2021 to one felony count of election fraud by making a false declaration of candidacy in a local council election; two felony charges of perjury were dropped.^[68]Jessica Cejnar, “Campbell Pleads Guilty To One Count Election Fraud,” wildrivers.lostcoastoutpost.com, March 2, 2021 and Knox Keranen, “Former City Council Member Alex Campbell … Continue reading Campbell was sentenced to two days in jail, two years of probation, and a $1,600 fine plus restitutional costs to the Council to fund the training of a new council member.^[69]Knox Keranen, “Former City Council Member Alex Campbell Sentenced,” triplicate.com, April 23, 2021	“Alex Campbell pleaded guilty to one count of election fraud Tuesday and, though it may not be a term in his probation, he indicated that he will resign from the Crescent City Council. Campbell, who was elected to the Council on Nov. 3, 2020 and appointed mayor pro tem in December, pleaded guilty to one count of making a false declaration of candidacy. Campbell submitted a form to the Del Norte County Clerk on Aug. 6, 2020 stating his current address was within city limits when his actual place of residence was on Del Mar Road outside the city’s boundaries, Deputy District Attorney Eric Bryant told Del Norte County Superior Court Judge Bob Cochran.”^[70]Jessica Cejnar, “Campbell Pleads Guilty To One Count Election Fraud,” wildrivers.lostcoastoutpost.com, March 2, 2021 Case Notes: Case heard at the Superior Court of California – Del Norte County Case Number: DNJC-CRF-2021-9031-1	Type of Election: Local Council Party Affiliation: Republican Theoretical Election Effect: No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
17.	Election Year: 2020 Name: Marcos Raul Arevalo Party Affiliation: Not Found^[71]According to the website of the Orange County Registrar of Voters, voters in California are not required to register with a political party. When registering to vote, voters you may select the option … Continue reading Offense and Sentencing: Marcos Raul Arevalo was found guilty on 11/2/2021 of three counts of violating elections code and one count of violating the penal code; 13 further counts were dismissed.^[72]The Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles, “Online Services, Criminal Case Summary – Case Number: LACBA491333-02,” lacourt.org, accessed on May 26, 2022 Arevalo was sentenced on the same day to two years in any state jail for each count.^[73]The Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles, “Online Services, Criminal Case Summary – Case Number: LACBA491333-02,” lacourt.org, accessed on May 26, 2022 It is unclear if these are to run concurrently.	“Between July and October of 2020, [Carlos Antonio De Bourbon] Montenegro, with the assistance of [Marcos Raul] Arevalo, allegedly submitted more than 8,000 fraudulent voter registration applications for homeless people, as well as faking names, addresses, and signatures on paperwork to nominate Montenegro himself to run for Mayor of Hawthorne,… The pair also used Montenegro’s home address, as well as three post office boxes, to receive the mail-in ballots.”^[74]Evan Symon, “Two Arrested on Voter Fraud, Perjury Charges in LA County,” californiaglobe.com, November 18, 2020 Case Notes: The State of California v. Marcos Raul Arevalo Case Number: LAC BA491333-02 Complaint and Court Records	Type of Election: Voter Registration before a Mayoral Election Party Affiliation: Not Found Theoretical Election Effect: No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
18.	Election Year: 2018 Name: April Atilano Party Affiliation: Not Found^[75]According to the website of the Orange County Registrar of Voters, voters in California are not required to register with a political party. When registering to vote, voters you may select the option … Continue reading Offense and Sentencing: April Atilano pleaded guilty on 3/6/2020 to six felony counts of “Elections Fraud [Registration of Fictitious Person] in violation of Elections Code section EL18101;”^[76]Office of the District Attorney, County of Madera, “April Atilano Pleads Guilty to Six Counts of Elections Fraud,” maderacounty.com, March 6, 2020 and Superior Court of California – … Continue reading six further felony charges were dismissed.^[77]Superior Court of California – County of Madera case records search – MCR064722 People vs. April Atilano Atilano was sentenced on 4/9/2020 to 364 days in jail, three years of probation, and a $1,200 fine.^[78]gvwire, “Election Fraud Sends Madera County Woman to Jail for a Year,” gvwire.com, April 16, 2020 and Superior Court of California – County of Madera case records search – … Continue reading	“In 2018, Atilano was hired by a private company to register residents of Madera County to vote [ahead of the gubernatorial election]. After contacting residents, Atilano unlawfully changed some residents’ information, including party affiliation, and then she forged their signatures on the registration form. [County Clerk-Recorder Rebecca] Martinez and her staff immediately recognized the voter registration cards appeared to have forged signatures and notified the Madera County District Attorney and the California Secretary of State’s office.”^[79]SNO Staff, “Update: Woman Sentenced to Year in Jail for Election Fraud,” sierranewsonline.com, April 16, 2020 “The affected voters were also contacted, and many confirmed they had not tried to re-register and did not want to change their party affiliation as the cards indicated.”^[80]Sara Sandrik, “Madera County Woman Charged With 12 Counts of Felony Voter Fraud,” abc30.com, October 24, 2019 Case Notes: The People of the State of California v. April Atilano Case Number: MCR064722	Type of Election: Gubernatorial Party Affiliation: Not Found Theoretical Election Effect: No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
19.	Election Year: 2018 Name: Richard John Davis Party Affiliation: Not Found^[81]According to the website of the Orange County Registrar of Voters, voters in California are not required to register with a political party. When registering to vote, voters you may select the option … Continue reading Offense and Sentencing: Richard John Davis pleaded guilty on 8/16/2019 to one felony count of committing voter registration fraud.^[82]Kate Cimini, “California Man Who Registered Dogs, Dead Father to Vote, Sentenced to Probation,” thecalifornian.com, Aug. 16, 2016 and Superior Court of California – County of … Continue reading Davis was sentenced on the same day to three years probation and 48 hours of community service.^[83]Lindsey K. O’Shea, Deputy District Attorney, “Pacific Grove Man Sentenced to Probation for Voter Registration Fraud,” co.monterey.ca.us, August 16, 2019	“On October 22, 2018, the Monterey County Elections Department received an online voter registration form in the name of Eugene Davis, who was born in 1923. But the Elections Department confirmed that Eugene Davis was deceased. On October 24, 2018, Richard Davis, the son of Eugene Davis, called the Monterey County Sheriff’s Office to report that he had registered his deceased grandfather to vote in order to prove that the voter registration system is flawed.”^[84]Lindsey K. O’Shea, Deputy District Attorney, “Pacific Grove Man Sentenced to Probation for Voter Registration Fraud,” co.monterey.ca.us, August 16, 2019 Case Notes: The People of the State of California v. Richard John Davis Case Number: 19CR003742 Court Records	Type of Election: Voter Registration before a Midterm Party Affiliation: Not Found Theoretical Election Effect: No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
20.	Election Year: 2016 Name: Richard Howard, also known as Thomas Howard and Richard Thomas Howard Party Affiliation: Not Found^[85]According to the website of the Orange County Registrar of Voters, voters in California are not required to register with a political party. When registering to vote, voters you may select the option … Continue reading Offense and Sentencing: Richard Howard pleaded no contest on 7/24/2020 to one felony count each of “Subscribing a Fictitious Name, or the Name of Another, to an Initiative/Petition, in Violation of Elections Code Section 18613” and “Registration of a Fictitious Person, in Violation of Elections Code Section 18101” – both offenses committed in May 2016; one further felony charge and one misdemeanor charge were dismissed.^[86]The People of California v. 1. Richard Howard AKA Richard Thomas Howard, 2. Rose Makeda Sweeney, 3. Christopher Joseph Williams, 4. Kirkland Kauzava Washington, 5. Harold Bennett, 6. Louis Thomas … Continue reading For the first felony conviction, Hall was sentenced on the same day to three years in a state prison, suspended for three years and placed on three years of probation; he was also fined $70 plus associated fines and fees.^[87]The People of California v. 1. Richard Howard AKA Richard Thomas Howard, 2. Rose Makeda Sweeney, 3. Christopher Joseph Williams, 4. Kirkland Kauzava Washington, 5. Harold Bennett, 6. Louis Thomas … Continue reading For the second felony conviction, Hall was sentenced to two years in a state prison, suspended for three years, to run concurrently with the first felony sentencing.^[88]The People of California v. 1. Richard Howard AKA Richard Thomas Howard, 2. Rose Makeda Sweeney, 3. Christopher Joseph Williams, 4. Kirkland Kauzava Washington, 5. Harold Bennett, 6. Louis Thomas … Continue reading	“Four men have admitted their role in a scheme where money and cigarettes were offered to homeless people on Skid Row in exchange for false and forged signatures on ballot petitions and voter registration forms, the Los Angeles County District Attorney’s Office announced today [7/29/2020]. … Richard Howard (dob 1/12/56) and Louis Thomas Wise (dob 8/4/82) pleaded no contest Friday to one felony count each of subscribing a fictitious name, or the name of another to an initiative petition and registration of a fictitious person.”^[89]Jackie Lacey, District Attorney, “Four Plead to Voter Fraud Scheme on Skid Row,” da.lacounty.gov, July 29, 2020 Case Notes: The People of the State of California v. Defendant 1. Richard Howard AKA Richard Thomas Howard Case Number: BA475943 Indictment and Minute Order	Type of Election: Referendum Petition / Voter Registration Party Affiliation: Not Found Theoretical Election Effect: No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
21.	Election Year: 2016 and 2018 Name: Rose Makeda Sweeney Party Affiliation: Not Found^[90]According to the website of the Orange County Registrar of Voters, voters in California are not required to register with a political party. When registering to vote, voters you may select the option … Continue reading Offense and Sentencing: Rose Makeda Sweeney pleaded guilty on 9/1/2020 to two felony counts of “Circulating an Initiative/Petition Containing False, Forged, or Fictitious Names, in Violation of Elections Code Section 18611” committed in May 2016 and May 2018; two further felony charges and two misdemeanor charges were dismissed.^[91]The People of California v. 1. Richard Howard AKA Richard Thomas Howard, 2. Rose Makeda Sweeney, 3. Christopher Joseph Williams, 4. Kirkland Kauzava Washington, 5. Harold Bennett, 6. Louis Thomas … Continue reading For both convictions, Sweeney was sentenced on the same day to three years probation and a fine of $140 plus associated fines and fees.^[92]The People of California v. 1. Richard Howard AKA Richard Thomas Howard, 2. Rose Makeda Sweeney, 3. Christopher Joseph Williams, 4. Kirkland Kauzava Washington, 5. Harold Bennett, 6. Louis Thomas … Continue reading	“A man and a woman pleaded guilty today [9/1/2020] for their role in a scheme where money and cigarettes were offered to homeless people on Skid Row in exchange for false and forged signatures on ballot petitions and voter registration forms, the Los Angeles County District Attorney’s Office announced. … Rose Sweeney (dob 12/11/75) pleaded guilty to two felony counts … [and] was placed on formal probation for three years. … The crimes occurred during the 2016 and 2018 election cycles.”^[93]Jackie Lacey, District Attorney, “Pair Plead to Voter Fraud Scheme on Skid Row,” da.lacounty.gov, September 1, 2020 Case Notes: The People of the State of California v. Defendant 2. Rose Makeda Sweeney Case Number: BA475943 Indictment and Minute Order	Type of Election: Referendum Petition Party Affiliation: Not Found Theoretical Election Effect: No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
22.	Election Year: 2016 Name: Christopher Joseph Williams Party Affiliation: Not Found^[94]According to the website of the Orange County Registrar of Voters, voters in California are not required to register with a political party. When registering to vote, voters you may select the option … Continue reading Offense and Sentencing: Christopher Joseph Williams pleaded no contest on 7/24/2020 to one felony count of “Circulating an Initiative/Petition Containing False, Forged, or Fictitious Names, in Violation of Elections Code Section 18611” committed in May 2016; two further felony charges and one misdemeanor charge were dismissed.^[95]The People of California v. 1. Richard Howard AKA Richard Thomas Howard, 2. Rose Makeda Sweeney, 3. Christopher Joseph Williams, 4. Kirkland Kauzava Washington, 5. Harold Bennett, 6. Louis Thomas … Continue reading Williams was sentenced on the same day to three years of probation and fined $70 plus associated fines and fees.^[96]The People of California v. 1. Richard Howard AKA Richard Thomas Howard, 2. Rose Makeda Sweeney, 3. Christopher Joseph Williams, 4. Kirkland Kauzava Washington, 5. Harold Bennett, 6. Louis Thomas … Continue reading	“Four men have admitted their role in a scheme where money and cigarettes were offered to homeless people on Skid Row in exchange for false and forged signatures on ballot petitions and voter registration forms, the Los Angeles County District Attorney’s Office announced today [7/29/2020]. … Christopher Joseph Williams (dob 5/2/79) and Nickey Demelvin Huntley (dob 9/2/74) each pleaded no contest to one felony count of circulating an initiative or petition containing false, forged or fictitious names.”^[97]Sentinel News Service, “Four Plead to Voter Fraud Scheme on Skid Row,” lasentinel.net, July 29, 2020 Case Notes: The People of the State of California v. Defendant 3. Christopher Joseph Williams Case Number: BA475943 Indictment and Minute Order	Type of Election: Referendum Petition / Voter Registration Party Affiliation: Not Found Theoretical Election Effect: No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
23.	Election Year: 2016, 2017, and 2018 Name: Kirkland Kauzava Washington Party Affiliation: Not Found^[98]According to the website of the Orange County Registrar of Voters, voters in California are not required to register with a political party. When registering to vote, voters you may select the option … Continue reading Offense and Sentencing: Kirkland Kauzava Washington pleaded no contest on 4/6/2021 to to one felony count of “Subscribing a Fictitious Name, or the Name of Another, to an Initiative/Petition, in Violation of Elections Code Section 18613” (committed in 2016) and two felony counts of “Circulating an Initiative/Petition Containing False, Forged, or Fictitious Names, in Violation of Elections Code Section 18611” (committed in 2017 and 2018); three further felony charges and three misdemeanor charges were dismissed as part of a plea agreement.^[99]The People of California v. 1. Richard Howard AKA Richard Thomas Howard, 2. Rose Makeda Sweeney, 3. Christopher Joseph Williams, 4. Kirkland Kauzava Washington, 5. Harold Bennett, 6. Louis Thomas … Continue reading Washington was sentenced on the same day to three years of formal probation with one year in the county jail for each count, to run concurrently, plus $512 of fines and fees.^[100]The People of California v. 1. Richard Howard AKA Richard Thomas Howard, 2. Rose Makeda Sweeney, 3. Christopher Joseph Williams, 4. Kirkland Kauzava Washington, 5. Harold Bennett, 6. Louis Thomas … Continue reading	“Nine people are accused of various fraud charges after allegedly bribing homeless people on Skid Row with money and cigarettes to sign ballot measure petitions and voter registration forms,… The defendants allegedly solicited hundreds of false and/or forged signatures by offering homeless people $1 and/or cigarettes for their participation during the 2016 and 2018 cycles. … Kirkland Kauzava Washington, 38, Harold Bennett, 53, and Louis Thomas Wise, 36, each face eight counts and six years and four months in prison if convicted.”^[101]Cindy Von Quednow, “Signature Gatherers Bribed Skid Row Homeless People in ‘Large-Scale Voter Fraud Scheme,’ DA Says,” ktla.com, November 20, 2018 Case Notes: The People of the State of California v. Defendant 4. Kirkland Kauzava Washington Case Number: BA475943 Indictment and Minute Order	Type of Election: Referendum Petition Party Affiliation: Not Found Theoretical Election Effect: No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
24.	Election Year: 2016 and 2018 Name: Harold Bennett Party Affiliation: Not Found^[102]According to the website of the Orange County Registrar of Voters, voters in California are not required to register with a political party. When registering to vote, voters you may select the option … Continue reading Offense and Sentencing: Harold Bennett pleaded guilty on 9/1/2020 to one felony count each of “Circulating an Initiative/Petition Containing False, Forged, or Fictitious Names, in Violation of Elections Code Section 18611” (committed in 2016) and “Registration of a Fictitious Person, in Violation of Elections Code Section 18101” (committed in 2018); three further felony charges and two misdemeanor charges were dismissed.^[103]The People of California v. 1. Richard Howard AKA Richard Thomas Howard, 2. Rose Makeda Sweeney, 3. Christopher Joseph Williams, 4. Kirkland Kauzava Washington, 5. Harold Bennett, 6. Louis Thomas … Continue reading Bennett was sentenced on the same day to 16 months in state prison, suspended for three years, and a $140 fine plus costs; Bennett was placed on immediate probation.^[104]The People of California v. 1. Richard Howard AKA Richard Thomas Howard, 2. Rose Makeda Sweeney, 3. Christopher Joseph Williams, 4. Kirkland Kauzava Washington, 5. Harold Bennett, 6. Louis Thomas … Continue reading	“A man and a woman pleaded guilty today [9/1/2020] for their role in a scheme where money and cigarettes were offered to homeless people on Skid Row in exchange for false and forged signatures on ballot petitions and voter registration forms, the Los Angeles County District Attorney’s Office announced. … Harold Bennett (dob 4/17/65) entered his plea to one felony count each of circulating an initiative or petition containing false, forged or fictitious names, and registering a fictitious person. … The crimes occurred during the 2016 and 2018 election cycles.”^[105]Jackie Lacey, District Attorney, “Pair Plead to Voter Fraud Scheme on Skid Row,” da.lacounty.gov, September 1, 2020 Case Notes: The People of the State of California v. Defendant 5. Harold Bennett Case Number: BA475943 Indictment and Minute Order	Type of Election: Referendum Petition / Voter Registration Party Affiliation: Not Found Theoretical Election Effect: No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
25.	Election Year: 2016 and 2018 Name: Louis Thomas Wise Party Affiliation: Not Found^[106]According to the website of the Orange County Registrar of Voters, voters in California are not required to register with a political party. When registering to vote, voters you may select the option … Continue reading Offense and Sentencing: Louis Thomas Wise pleaded no contest on 7/24/2020 to one felony count each of “Circulating an Initiative/Petition Containing False, Forged, or Fictitious Names, in Violation of Elections Code Section 18611” (committed in May 2016) and “Registration of a Fictitious Person, in Violation of Elections Code Section 18101” (committed in May 2018); three further felony charges and two misdemeanor charges were dismissed.^[107]The People of California v. 1. Richard Howard AKA Richard Thomas Howard, 2. Rose Makeda Sweeney, 3. Christopher Joseph Williams, 4. Kirkland Kauzava Washington, 5. Harold Bennett, 6. Louis Thomas … Continue reading For both counts, Wise was sentenced on the same day to 16 months in a state prison, suspended for three years, and placed on immediate probation to be served concurrently; Wise was also fined $70 plus associated fines and fees.^[108]The People of California v. 1. Richard Howard AKA Richard Thomas Howard, 2. Rose Makeda Sweeney, 3. Christopher Joseph Williams, 4. Kirkland Kauzava Washington, 5. Harold Bennett, 6. Louis Thomas … Continue reading	“Four men have admitted their role in a scheme where money and cigarettes were offered to homeless people on Skid Row in exchange for false and forged signatures on ballot petitions and voter registration forms, the Los Angeles County District Attorney’s Office announced today [7/29/2020]. … Louis Thomas Wise (dob 8/4/82) pleaded no contest Friday to one felony count each of subscribing a fictitious name, or the name of another to an initiative petition and registration of a fictitious person.”^[109]Sentinel News Service, “Four Plead to Voter Fraud Scheme on Skid Row,” lasentinel.net, July 29, 2020 Case Notes: The People of the State of California v. Defendant 6. Louis Thomas Wise Case Number: BA475943 Indictment and Minute Order	Type of Election: Referendum Petition / Voter Registration Party Affiliation: Not Found Theoretical Election Effect: No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
26.	Election Year: 2016 Name: Norman Hall Party Affiliation: Not Found^[110]According to the website of the Orange County Registrar of Voters, voters in California are not required to register with a political party. When registering to vote, voters you may select the option … Continue reading Offense and Sentencing: Norman Hall pleaded guilty on 2/19/2020 to one felony count of “Circulating an Initiative/Petition Containing False, Forged, or Fictitious Names, in Violation of Elections Code Section 18611” committed in May 2016; one further felony charge and one misdemeanor charge were dismissed.^[111]The People of California v. 1. Richard Howard AKA Richard Thomas Howard, 2. Rose Makeda Sweeney, 3. Christopher Joseph Williams, 4. Kirkland Kauzava Washington, 5. Harold Bennett, 6. Louis Thomas … Continue reading Hall was sentenced on the same day to one year in a county jail, three years probation, and 100 hours of community service.^[112]The People of California v. 1. Richard Howard AKA Richard Thomas Howard, 2. Rose Makeda Sweeney, 3. Christopher Joseph Williams, 4. Kirkland Kauzava Washington, 5. Harold Bennett, 6. Louis Thomas … Continue reading	“Four men have admitted their role in a scheme where money and cigarettes were offered to homeless people on Skid Row in exchange for false and forged signatures on ballot petitions and voter registration forms, the Los Angeles County District Attorney’s Office announced today [7/29/2020]. … In February, codefendant Norman Hall (dob 11/1/57) pleaded guilty to one felony count of circulating a petition with false, forged or fictitious names.”^[113]Sentinel News Service, “Four Plead to Voter Fraud Scheme on Skid Row,” lasentinel.net, July 29, 2020 Case Notes: The People of the State of California v. Defendant 8. Norman Hall Case Number: BA475943 Indictment and Minute Order	Type of Election: Referendum Petition Party Affiliation: Not Found Theoretical Election Effect: No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
27.	Election Year: 2018 Name: Nickey Demelvin Huntley Party Affiliation: Not Found^[114]According to the website of the Orange County Registrar of Voters, voters in California are not required to register with a political party. When registering to vote, voters you may select the option … Continue reading Offense and Sentencing: Nickey Demelvin Huntley pleaded no contest on 7/24/2020 to one felony count of “Circulating an Initiative/Petition Containing False, Forged, or Fictitious Names, in Violation of Elections Code Section 18611” committed in May 2018; one further felony charge and one misdemeanor charge were dismissed.^[115]The People of California v. 1. Richard Howard AKA Richard Thomas Howard, 2. Rose Makeda Sweeney, 3. Christopher Joseph Williams, 4. Kirkland Kauzava Washington, 5. Harold Bennett, 6. Louis Thomas … Continue reading Huntley was sentenced on the same day to three years probation and $70 in fines plus associated fees.^[116]The People of California v. 1. Richard Howard AKA Richard Thomas Howard, 2. Rose Makeda Sweeney, 3. Christopher Joseph Williams, 4. Kirkland Kauzava Washington, 5. Harold Bennett, 6. Louis Thomas … Continue reading	“Four men have admitted their role in a scheme where money and cigarettes were offered to homeless people on Skid Row in exchange for false and forged signatures on ballot petitions and voter registration forms, the Los Angeles County District Attorney’s Office announced today [7/29/2020]. … Christopher Joseph Williams (dob 5/2/79) and Nickey Demelvin Huntley (dob 9/2/74) each pleaded no contest to one felony count of circulating an initiative or petition containing false, forged or fictitious names.”^[117]Sentinel News Service, “Four Plead to Voter Fraud Scheme on Skid Row,” lasentinel.net, July 29, 2020 Case Notes: The People of the State of California v. Defendant 9. Nickey Demelvin Huntley Case Number: BA475943 Indictment and Minute Order	Type of Election: Referendum Petition / Voter Registration Party Affiliation: Not Found Theoretical Election Effect: No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
28.	Election Year: 2018 Name: Neil G. Kitchens Party Affiliation: Republican party candidate^[118]Ballotpedia.org, “Neil Kitchens,” ballotpedia.org, accessed on March 30, 2022 Offense and Sentencing: Neil G. Kitchens signed a plea agreement on 11/3/2020 to plead no contest to one felony count of “Submission of False Declaration of Candidacy in violation of EL18203.”^[119]The People of California v. Neil G. Kitchens – Case Number: 19CR006456 Kitchens was sentenced on 2/4/2021 to two years of probation plus associated fines and fees.^[120]The People of California v. Neil G. Kitchens – Case Number: 19CR006456 Five further felony charges against Kitchens were dismissed.^[121]The People of California v. Neil G. Kitchens – Case Number: 19CR006456	“Prunedale resident and former Assembly District 30 candidate Neil Kitchens has been sentenced to probation for felony election fraud. … A state assembly candidate must be a U.S. citizen, a California resident for three years, a resident of the legislative district for one year and a registered voter in that district when the nomination papers are filed. When Kitchens ran for the open AD 30 seat, the DA’s Office said he did not live in the district. He lived in Prunedale, which is part of the 29th District. The DA’s Office said he knowingly filed falsified candidacy papers listing a Salinas address so he would be eligible. He was charged after a citizen complaint.”^[122]Avery Johnson, “Former AD 30 Candidate Sentenced for Felony Election Fraud,” kion546.com, February 4, 2021 Case Notes: The People of the State of California v. Neil G. Kitchens Case Number: 19CR006456 / DA Case: 876980 Arraignment Information, Plea Agreement, and Minute Order	Type of Election: State Assembly Party Affiliation: Republican Theoretical Election Effect: No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
29.	Election Year: 2017 Name: Bradley William Jasperson Party Affiliation: Republican^[123]VoterRecords.com, “Bradley William Jasperson’s Utah Voter Registration,” voterrecords.com, accessed on June 21, 2021 Offense and Sentencing: Bradley William Jasperson of Utah pleaded no contest in San Mateo County, CA, on 1/13/2020 to two felony counts of “Perjury By Declaration” in relation to crimes committed in May 2017.^[124]The People of California v. Bradley William Jasperson – Case Number: 18-NF-002566-A Jasperson was sentenced on the same day to two years in a county jail and associated fees of $400.^[125]The People of California v. Bradley William Jasperson – Case Number: 18-NF-002566-A 17 further felony charges against Jasperson were dismissed.^[126]The People of California v. Bradley William Jasperson – Case Number: 18-NF-002566-A	“A husband and wife from Utah who prosecutors say gathered more than 100 forged signatures in May 2017 while working for a political consulting firm on a Pacific rent control measure were sentenced Monday to two years in county jail. Bradley William Jasperson, 36, and Jentry Jasperson, 33, were paid $5 per signature for the referendum petition that prevented a rent control measure passed by the Pacifica City Council from taking effect, prosecutors said. The felony complaint alleged 20 different victims who verified they never signed the petition, according to prosecutors.”^[127]Daily Journal, “Utah Couple Gets Two Years in Election Forgery Case,” smdailyjournal.com, January 15, 2020 Case Notes: The People of the State of California v. Bradley William Jasperson Case Number: 18-NF-002566-A Case Information	Type of Election: Referendum Petition Party Affiliation: Republican Theoretical Election Effect: No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
30.	Election Year: 2017 Name: Jentry Jasperson Party Affiliation: Republican^[128]VoterRecords.com, “Jentry Leigh Jasperson’s Utah Voter Registration,” voterrecords.com, accessed on March 30, 2022 Offense and Sentencing: Jentry Jasperson of Utah pleaded no contest in San Mateo County, CA, on 1/13/2020 to two felony counts of “Perjury By Declaration” in relation to crimes committed in May 2017.^[129]The People of California v. Jentry Jasperson – Case Number: 18-NF-002566-B For the first count, Jasperson was sentenced on the same day to two years in county jail and associated fees of $400; for the second count, she was sentenced to two years in a county jail to run concurrently with the first sentence and $70 in fees.^[130]The People of California v. Jentry Jasperson – Case Number: 18-NF-002566-B 17 further felony charges against Jasperson were dismissed.^[131]The People of California v. Jentry Jasperson – Case Number: 18-NF-002566-B	“A husband and wife from Utah who prosecutors say gathered more than 100 forged signatures in May 2017 while working for a political consulting firm on a Pacific rent control measure were sentenced Monday to two years in county jail. Bradley William Jasperson, 36, and Jentry Jasperson, 33, were paid $5 per signature for the referendum petition that prevented a rent control measure passed by the Pacifica City Council from taking effect, prosecutors said. The felony complaint alleged 20 different victims who verified they never signed the petition, according to prosecutors.”^[132]Daily Journal, “Utah Couple Gets Two Years in Election Forgery Case,” smdailyjournal.com, January 15, 2020 Case Notes: The People of the State of California v. Jentry Jasperson Case Number: 18-NF-002566-B Case Information	Type of Election: Referendum Petition Party Affiliation: Republican Theoretical Election Effect: No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
31.	Election Year: 2016 Name: Richard Anthony Hamilton Party Affiliation: Republican^[133]Richard K. De Atley, “One Voter Fraud Case Filed After 2017 Riverside County Investigation,” pe.com, November 1, 2018 Offense and Sentencing: Richard Anthony Hamilton pleaded guilty on 3/13/2019 to a reduced charge of two misdemeanor counts of violation of election code section 18560 – attempting to vote more than once – in relation to crimes committed on 6/7/2016 and 11/8/2016.^[134]The People of California v. Richard Anthony Hamilton – Case Number: RIF1804469 and Complaint Hamilton was sentenced on the same day to 36 months of probation.^[135]The People of California v. Richard Anthony Hamilton – Case Number: RIF1804469	“A Riverside man has been charged with voting twice in the 2016 June primary as well as that year’s presidential election … Investigators say Richard Anthony Hamilton, 22, registered twice, once in 2014 and again in 2016 — not under different names, but using two different dates of birth. … Both votes were submitted by mail-in ballot, the arrest declaration, filed in October, said. ‘Richard believes only one ballot was returned,’ the declaration said. He had registered as a Republican.”^[136]Richard K. De Atley, “One Voter Fraud Case Filed After 2017 Riverside County Investigation,” pe.com, November 1, 2018 Case Notes: The People of the State of California v. Richard Anthony Hamilton Case Number: RIF1804469 / DA Case Number: 365396 Complaint and Criminal Case Report	Type of Election: Primary and Presidential Party Affiliation: Republican Theoretical Election Effect: 1 illegal Republican vote in both the Primary and the Presidential election
32.	Election Year: 2016 Name: Gustavo Araujo Lerma Party Affiliation: Republican^[137]Sharon Bernstein and Steve Gorman, “Jury Convicts Mexican National of Voter Fraud – With a Twist,” mercurynews.com, August 23, 2019 Offense and Sentencing: Gustavo Araujo Lerma pleaded not guilty but was convicted by jury on 8/23/2019 to one felony charge each of aggravated identity theft and false statement in application for a US passport as well as five Class A misdemeanor counts of voting by an alien (committed between 2012 and 2016).^[138]United States of America v. Gustavo Araujo Lerma – Case Number: 2:17CR00195-01 and The Associated Press, “Mexican Man Convicted of Voter Fraud in Federal Elections,” abcnews.go.com, … Continue reading Lerma was sentenced on 12/10/2019 to 45 months in a federal prison followed by 24 months of supervised release (unsupervised if deported), and a $325 fee.^[139]United States of America v. Gustavo Araujo Lerma – Case Number: 2:17CR00195-01	“A federal court jury in Sacramento returned the guilty verdict against Gustavo Araujo Lerma, 64, after several hours of deliberation, capping a five-day trial in which defense lawyers presented letters of thanks from Trump and top Republican Party officials. … He fraudulently voted under his false ID in five federal elections in California, including the 2016 non-partisan primary and general elections for president. Federal prosecutors made no assertions about who Lerma voted for in those races, but the defense acknowledged he was a registered Republican.” ^[140]Sharon Bernstein and Steve Gorman, “Jury Convicts Mexican National of Voter Fraud – With a Twist,” mercurynews.com, August 23, 2019 Case Notes: United States of America v. Gustavo Araujo Lerma, AKA: Hiram Enrique Velez Seda, Hiram Enrique Velez, Fnu Lnu, Pedro Garza, Jr. Case Number: 2:17CR00195-01 Judgment	Type of Election: Presidential Party Affiliation: Republican Theoretical Election Effect: 1 illegal Republican vote
33.	Election Year: 2016 Name: Kevin L. Charvoz Party Affiliation: Not Found^[141]According to the website of the Orange County Registrar of Voters, voters in California are not required to register with a political party. When registering to vote, voters you may select the option … Continue reading Offense and Sentencing: Kevin L. Charvoz was charged with one misdemeanor count of fraudulent voting^[142]Superior Court of California, County of Contra Costa, “The People of the State of California v. Kevin L. Charvoz Case Number: 01-184409-1 (Docket Number) / 0130950770 (DA number),” … Continue reading after voting twice in the 2016 presidential primary election.^[143]Heritage Foundation, “Voter Fraud Report – Kevin L. Charvoz,” heritage.org, accessed on May 24, 2022 Charvoz was sentenced by the Contra Costa Superior Court “to a pre-trial diversion program and 20 hours of community service.”^[144]Heritage Foundation, “Voter Fraud Report – Kevin L. Charvoz,” heritage.org, accessed on May 24, 2022	“On or about June 7, 2016, in the County of Contra Costa, State of California, the crime of Fraudulent Voting in violation of EL18560(b), a Misdemeanor, was committed in that KEVIN L CHARVOZ did, while being entitled to vote at an election, unlawfully vote more than once, attempt to vote more than once, and knowingly handed in two and more ballots folded together at that election.”^[145]Superior Court of California, County of Contra Costa, “The People of the State of California v. Kevin L. Charvoz Case Number: 01-184409-1 (Docket Number) / 0130950770 (DA number),” … Continue reading Case Notes: The People of the State of California v. Kevin L. Charvoz Case Number: 01-184409-1 (Docket) / 0130950770 (DA) Amended Complaint	Type of Election: Primary Party Affiliation: Not Found Theoretical Election Effect: 1 illegal vote in the primary, party unknown / No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
34.	Election Year: 2016 Name: Jonathan Chan Party Affiliation: Not Found^[146]According to the website of the Orange County Registrar of Voters, voters in California are not required to register with a political party. When registering to vote, voters you may select the option … Continue reading Offense and Sentencing: Jonathan Chan was charged with voting “twice in the 2016 presidential primary election once by mail and once in person.”^[147]Heritage Foundation, “Voter Fraud Report – Jonathan Chan,” heritage.org, accessed on May 24, 2022 Chan was sentenced by the Contra Costa Superior Court “to a pre-trial diversion program and 20 hours of community service.”^[148]Heritage Foundation, “Voter Fraud Report – Jonathan Chan,” heritage.org, accessed on May 24, 2022	“Jonathan Chan, of Contra Costa County, voted twice in the 2016 primary: once by mail and once in person. The Contra Costa Superior Court directed Chan to a pre-trial diversion program and 20 hours of community service.”^[149]Heritage Foundation, “Voter Fraud Report – Jonathan Chan,” heritage.org, accessed on May 24, 2022 Case Notes: Case Number: 07-CR-17-46	Type of Election: Primary Party Affiliation: Not Found Theoretical Election Effect: 1 illegal vote in the primary, party unknown / No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
35.	Election Year: 2016 Name: James Parke Major Party Affiliation: Not Found^[150]According to the website of the Orange County Registrar of Voters, voters in California are not required to register with a political party. When registering to vote, voters you may select the option … Continue reading Offense and Sentencing: James Parke Major was charged with voting “twice in the 2016 presidential primary election.”^[151]Heritage Foundation, “Voter Fraud Report – James Parke Major,” heritage.org, accessed on May 24, 2022 Parke Major was sentenced by the Contra Costa Superior Court “to a pre-trial diversion program and 20 hours of community service.”^[152]Heritage Foundation, “Voter Fraud Report – James Parke Major,” heritage.org, accessed on May 24, 2022	“On or about June 7, 2016, in the County of Contra Costa, State of California, the crime of Fraudulent Voting in violation of EL18560(b), a Felony, was committed in that JAMES PARKE MAJOR did, while being entitled to vote at an election, unlawfully vote more than once, attempt to vote more than once, and knowingly handed in two and more ballots at that election.”^[153]Superior Court of California, County of Contra Costa, “The State of California v. James Parke Major Case Number: 01-184416-6 (Docket Number) / 0130916243 (DA Number)” – Complaint Case Notes: The State of California v. James Parke Major Case Number: 01-184416-6 (Docket Number) / 0130916243 (DA Number) Complaint	Type of Election: Primary Party Affiliation: Not Found Theoretical Election Effect: 1 illegal vote in the primary, party unknown / No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections

	A. Conviction Details	B. Background	C. Potential Election Impact
36.	Election Year: 2020 Name: Barry Morphew Party Affiliation: Republican^[154]VoterRecords.com, “Barry Lee Morphew’s Colorado Voter Registration,” voterrecords.com, accessed on August 18, 2022 Offense and Sentencing: Barry Morphew pleaded guilty on 7/21/2022 to one felony count of forgery after illegally casting the mail-in ballot of his missing wife during the 2020 presidential election. ^[155]Neil Vigdor, “Colorado Man Pleads Guilty to Casting Missing Wife’s Ballot for Trump,” nytimes.com, July 22, 2022 Morphew was sentenced to one year of probation and 32 hours of community service.^[156]Stephane Pagones, “Barry Morphew Gets Probation After Pleading Guilty to Forgery for Voting on Missing Wife’s Behalf: Reports,” foxnews.com, July 21, 2022	“The husband of a Colorado woman who has been missing for more than two years pleaded guilty on Thursday [7/21/2022] to casting her mail-in ballot for Donald J. Trump during the 2020 election, telling F.B.I. agents, ‘I figured all these other guys are cheating.’ The man, Barry Morphew, 54, was given a sentence of one year of supervised probation but avoided jail time after pleading guilty to one count of forgery, a felony, in district court in Chaffee County, according to court records.”^[157]Neil Vigdor, “Colorado Man Pleads Guilty to Casting Missing Wife’s Ballot for Trump,” nytimes.com, July 22, 2022 Case Notes: Case Number: Not Found Case heard at Chaffee County Court	Type of Election: Presidential Party Affiliation: Republican Theoretical Election Effect: 1 illegal Republican vote
37.	Election Year: 2020 Name: Janis M. Cummer, also known as Jan Wilson Party Affiliation: Republican (at the time of the offense)^[158]Records from ColoradoVoters.info show that Janis M. Cummer regularly switches party affiliation between the Republicans and the Democrats – ColoradoVoters.info, “Registered Voters in the … Continue reading Offense and Sentencing: Janis M. Cummer pleaded not guilty in July 2020 to one misdemeanor charge of voting twice in a primary election.^[159]Pat Hill, “Corrected: Woodland Park Resident Found Guilty of Voting Twice in April Primary,” gazette.com, February 16, 2021 Cummer was found guilty on 2/10/2021 and fined $500 plus costs.^[160]Pat Hill, “Corrected: Woodland Park Resident Found Guilty of Voting Twice in April Primary,” gazette.com, February 16, 2021	“In Colorado’s all-mail ballot election, Wilson [Cummer] received a first ballot but then changed her party affiliation and received a second ballot. ‘She voted twice, and turned them both in,’ [Teller County Clerk & Recorder Krystal] Brown said … Brown caught the double vote the night of the election … adding that she halted the vote count to correct the error.”^[161]Pat Hill, “Corrected: Woodland Park Resident Found Guilty of Voting Twice in April Primary,” gazette.com, February 16, 2021 Case Notes: State of Colorado vs. Janis M. Cummer Case heard at the Teller County Combined Court, CO Case Number: Not Found	Type of Election: Primary Party Affiliation: Republican Theoretical Election Effect: 1 illegal Republican vote in the primary / No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
38.	Election Year: 2016 Name: Angelo Felix Abad Party Affiliation: Democrat^[162]ColoradoVoters.info, “Registered Voters in the State of Colorado, U.S.A., as of 1 January 2022, in Alphabetical Order,” coloradovoters.info, accessed on March 31, 2022 Offense and Sentencing: Angelo Felix Abad pleaded guilty on 1/12/2017 to one felony count of forgery; one further misdemeanor charge was dismissed.^[163]Peter Marcus, “Campaign Worker Pleads Guilty to Felony Forgery on Minimum Wage Petition,” coloradopolitics.com, January 20, 2017 Sentencing was set for 4/7/2017.^[164]Peter Marcus, “Campaign Worker Pleads Guilty to Felony Forgery on Minimum Wage Petition,” coloradopolitics.com, January 20, 2017 No sentencing details found.	“A Denver man has pled guilty in connection with collecting fraudulent signatures to place the successful minimum wage increase on the November ballot. Angelo Felix Abad, 61, pled guilty on Jan. 12 … [he] worked for the Washington, D.C.-based canvassing firm Fieldworks, which was hired by proponents to collect signatures. News reports over the summer showed that Abad had previous criminal convictions.”^[165]Peter Marcus, “Campaign Worker Pleads Guilty to Felony Forgery on Minimum Wage Petition,” coloradopolitics.com, January 20, 2017 “In 2017, Angelo Felix Abad pleaded guilty to forging signatures on a petition to qualify a ballot initiative on the 2016 general election ballot.”^[166]Wayne W. Williams, Secretary of State, Letter “Re: Colorado’s Response to Your Request for Information” to Hon. Kris W. Kobach, Vice Chair, Presidential Advisory Commission on … Continue reading Case Notes: Case heard at the Denver District Court, CO Case Number: Not Found	Type of Election: Referendum Petition Party Affiliation: Democrat Theoretical Election Effect: No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
39.	Election Year: 2016 Name: Steven Curtis Party Affiliation: Republican^[167]Jesse Paul, “Former Colorado GOP Chairman Sentenced to Four Years Probation, Community Service in Voter Fraud Case,” denverpost.com, January 26, 2018 Offense and Sentencing: Steven Curtis pleaded not guilty on 8/9/2017 to one misdemenor count of voter fraud and one felony count of forgery.^[168]Greeley Tribune, “Former Colorado GOP Chairman Pleads Not Guilty to Voter Fraud Charges, Is Headed to Trial ,” denverpost.com, August 10, 2017 and Court of Appeals Opinion, Case Number: … Continue reading A jury found him guilty and Curtis was sentenced on 1/26/2018 to four years probation and 300 hours of community service.^[169]Jesse Paul, “Former Colorado GOP Chairman Sentenced to Four Years Probation, Community Service in Voter Fraud Case,” denverpost.com, January 26, 2018 and Court of Appeals Opinion, Case … Continue reading Curtis appealed his felony conviction but the Colorado Court of Appeals upheld his conviction on 8/5/2021.^[170]Colorado Court of Appeals Opinion, Case Number: 18CA0480	“Curtis, 61,… filled out, signed and mailed his former wife’s mail-in ballot after doing his own, forging his wife’s signature in the process. Prosecutors became aware of that when his former wife, Kelly Curtis, who had moved to South Carolina a year earlier, contacted the Weld County Clerk’s Office to get her mail-in ballot, and was told that she had already voted. DNA evidence showed that Curtis had sealed the ballot return envelope, and handwriting samples showed he filled out the return address and signed his ex-wife’s name. … Curtis chaired the GOP party in the late 1990s.”^[171]Charles Ashby, “Court Upholds Voter Fraud Conviction of Ex-GOP Chair,” gjsentinel.com, August 6, 2021 Case Notes: The People of the State of Colorado v. Steven Curtis Weld County District Court Case Number: 17CR245 / Court of Appeals Case Number: 18CA0480 Court of Appeals Opinion	Type of Election: Presidential Party Affiliation: Republican Theoretical Election Effect: 1 illegal Republican vote
40.	Election Year: 2016 Name: Maureen Marie Moss Party Affiliation: Unaffiliated^[172]ColoradoVoters.info, “Registered Voters in the State of Colorado, U.S.A., in Alphabetical Order,” coloradovoters.info, accessed on February 17, 2021^[173]According to the Colorado Voter Registration Application Form, registering voters may choose to be affiliated with a political party or choose to register as unaffiliated. Unaffiliated voters are … Continue reading (petition gatherer for a Republican candidate) Offense and Sentencing: Maureen Marie Moss pleaded guilty on 11/17/2016 to two felony counts of forgery in relation to offenses committed in March 2016;^[174]Adrian D. Garcia, “Maureen Moss Pleads Guilty to Gathering Forged Signatures for Republican Senate Candidate Jon Keyser,” denverite.com, November 17, 2016 32 further counts were dismissed.^[175]Deb Stanley, “Petition Signature Gatherer Maureen Moss Pleads Guilty to Forgery on Jon Keyser Petitions,” thedenverchannel.com, November 17, 2016 and The People of the State of Colorado … Continue reading Moss was sentenced on 1/20/2017 to four years probation and 250 hours of community service.^[176]Peter Marcus, “Petition Circulator Gets Probation After Forging Signatures for Senate Candidate,” coloradopolitics.com, Jan. 20, 2017	“A signature collector accused of turning in forged signatures on petitions for a U.S. Senate candidate pleaded guilty Thursday. Maureen Moss pleaded guilty to two counts of forgery. … Investigators with the District Attorney’s Offices in Denver, Arapahoe and Jefferson Counties found a total of 34 people who confirmed they did not sign their names and addresses on the petitions turned in by Moss. Moss was collecting signatures to get former State Rep. Jon Keyser on the Republican primary ballot as a candidate for the U.S. Senate.”^[177]Deb Stanley, “Petition Signature Gatherer Maureen Moss Pleads Guilty to Forgery on Jon Keyser Petitions,” thedenverchannel.com, November 17, 2016 Case Notes: The People of the State of Colorado v. Maureen Marie Moss Case Number: 16CRO3658 Complaint and Arrest Warrant	Type of Election: Referendum Petition Party Affiliation: Unaffiliated Theoretical Election Effect: No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
41.	Election Year: 2016 Name: Elsadig Saeed Merghani Party Affiliation: Not Found^[178]According to the Colorado Voter Registration Application Form, registering voters may choose to be affiliated with a political party or choose to register as unaffiliated. Unaffiliated voters are … Continue reading Offense and Sentencing: Elsadig Saeed Merghani pleaded guilty in 2016 to “forging signatures on a petition to qualify a ballot initiative on the 2016 general ballot.^[179]Wayne W. Williams, Secretary of State, Letter “Re: Colorado’s Response to Your Request for Information” to Hon. Kris W. Kobach, Vice Chair, Presidential Advisory Commission on … Continue reading No sentencing information found.	“Colorado’s ballot this November won’t include a question about fracking because opponents who want to restrict the practice failed to gather enough valid signatures to put a plan before voters … The review by state officials also raised the possibility that some signatures may have been forged … According to documents provided by the Secretary of State’s office, the signatures in question were gathered by a circulator named Elsadig Saeed Merghani, a Denver resident. At least three of the signatures collected by Merghani were marked as questionable.”^[180]Mark K. Matthews and Joey Bunch, “Colorado Anti-Fracking Measures Fail to Make Ballot; Possible Forgery Alleged,” denverpost.com, August 30, 2016 Case Notes: Case Number: Not Found	Type of Election: Referendum Petition Party Affiliation: Not Found Theoretical Election Effect: No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
42.	Election Year: 2016 Name: Toni Lee Newbill Party Affiliation: Republican (at the time of the offense)^[181]According to ColoradoVoters.info, Toni Lee Newbill switches between registering as unaffiliated and as a Republican and was registered as a Republican at the time of the offense. ColoradoVoters.info, … Continue reading^[182]According to reporting by CBS4, Newbill has also been a registered Democrat. CBS4, “Dying To Vote: CBS4 Investigation Finds Woman Charged With Casting Dead Father’s Ballot, cbslocal.com, … Continue reading Offense and Sentencing: Toni Lee Newbill pleaded guilty in February 2017 to two felony counts of forgery after twice voting using her deceased father’s ballot.^[183]CBS4, “Dying To Vote: CBS4 Investigation Finds Woman Charged With Casting Dead Father’s Ballot, cbslocal.com, November 7, 2016 and Chhun Sun, “Golden Woman Pleads Guilty to Voting Twice … Continue reading Newbill was sentenced on 2/13/2017 to 18 months of unsupervised probation, 30 hours of community service, and a $500 fine.^[184]Chhun Sun, “Golden Woman Pleads Guilty to Voting Twice for Deceased Father,” gazette.com, March 8, 2017	“In October prosecutors filed two felony forgery charges against Toni Lee Newbill, charging her with first voting for her father in a 2013 general election and then again casting a ballot for her father in a 2016 Republican primary election. Her father, Ralph Nanninga, died in 2012 in El Paso County at the age of 86. … Toni Newbill — who most recently was registered as a Republican, had previously been registered as a Democrat.”^[185]CBS4, “Dying To Vote: CBS4 Investigation Finds Woman Charged With Casting Dead Father’s Ballot, cbslocal.com, November 7, 2016 Case Notes: The People of the State of Colorado v. Toni Lee Newbill Case Number: 16CR005522	Type of Election: Primary Party Affiliation: Republican Theoretical Election Effect: 1 illegal Republican vote in the primary / No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
43.	Election Year: 2016 Name: Nathan Parks Party Affiliation: Democrat^[186]VoterRecords.com, “Nathan Kent Parks’s Colorado Voter Registration,” voterrecords.com, accessed on May 20, 2022 Offense and Sentencing: Nathan Parks pleaded guilty on 5/15/2018 to one misdemeanor charge of voting twice in the 2016 General Election.^[187]El Paso County Administration, “Guilty Plea in Voter Fraud Case,” admin.elpasocounty.com, accessed on April 4, 2022 Parks was sentenced to a 12 month suspended sentence and 30 hours of community service, plus associated restitution and court fees.^[188]El Paso County Administration, “Guilty Plea in Voter Fraud Case,” admin.elpasocounty.com, accessed on April 4, 2022	“On May 15, 2018, Nathan Parks pled guilty to voting twice in the 2016 General Election. Mr. Parks knowingly cast ballots in Colorado and Washington, resulting in a misdemeanor, according to the Colorado Revised Statute 1-13-710. … Nathan Parks, 54, had registered to vote in Colorado in August 2013, while maintaining his residency and voter registration in Clallam County, Washington. Mr. Parks had not cast any absentee ballots in Colorado until the 2016, General Election, where he also voted in Washington.”^[189]El Paso County Administration, “Guilty Plea in Voter Fraud Case,” admin.elpasocounty.com, accessed on April 4, 2022 Case Notes: Case Number: Not Found	Type of Election: Presidential Party Affiliation: Democrat Theoretical Election Effect: 1 illegal Democratic vote

	A. Conviction Details	B. Background	C. Potential Election Impact
44.	Election Year: 2017 Name: Betty Jean Chappell Party Affiliation: Democrat^[190]VoterRecords.com, “Betty J Chappell’s Connecticut Voter Registration,” voterrecords.com, accessed on May 19, 2022 Offense and Sentencing: Betty Jean Chappell pleaded guilty to one felony charge each of forgery in the second degree and making a false statement on an absentee ballot – both offenses were committed on 10/28/2017.^[191]State of Connecticut Judicial Branch, “Criminal/Motor Vehicle Case Detail,” jud2.ct.gov, accessed on June 27, 2021 – Docket Number: F02B-CR18-0300414-S Chappell was convicted on 4/4/2018 and sentenced to a five year suspended jail sentence and placed on conditional discharge.^[192]State of Connecticut Judicial Branch, “Criminal/Motor Vehicle Case Detail,” jud2.ct.gov, accessed on June 27, 2021 – Docket Number: F02B-CR18-0300414-S	“Two Bridgeport residents face charges after police said they committed voter fraud during Stratford’s mayoral election in Nov. 2017. … An investigation was launched by the Town Clerk’s Office after they noticed some discrepancies in absentee ballots signed out by Stevenson and Chappell. The investigation showed they forged and submitted at least two absentee ballots in Stratford while living in Bridgeport.”^[193]Tara O’Neill. “Stratford Police: 2 Bridgeport Residents Allegedly Committed Voter Fraud,” apnews.com, January 19, 2018 “The head of the Democratic party denied Friday that she had prior knowledge that two of her workers in her failed campaign for mayor allegedly forged absentee ballot applications.”^[194]Daniel Tepfer, “Stratford Police: 2 Bridgeport Residents Allegedly Committed Voter Fraud” ctpost.com, January 19, 2018 Case Notes: Geographical Area 2 (GA2) Court at Bridgeport Docket Number: F02B-CR18-0300414-S Court Records	Type of Election: Mayoral Party Affiliation: Democrat Theoretical Election Effect: No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections
45.	Election Year: 2017 Name: Troy D. Stevenson Party Affiliation: Democrat^[195]VoterRecords.com, “Troy D Stevenson’s Connecticut Voter Registration,” voterrecords.com, accessed on June 20, 2021 Offense and Sentencing: Troy D. Stevenson pleaded guilty to one felony charge each of forgery in the second degree and making a false statement on an absentee ballot – both offenses were committed on 10/28/2017.^[196]State of Connecticut Judicial Branch, “Criminal/Motor Vehicle Case Detail,” jud2.ct.gov, accessed on June 27, 2021 – Docket Number: F02B-CR18-0300416-S Stevenson was convicted on 7/11/2018 and sentenced to a three year suspended jail sentence and placed on conditional discharge.^[197]State of Connecticut Judicial Branch, “Criminal/Motor Vehicle Case Detail,” jud2.ct.gov, accessed on June 27, 2021 – Docket Number: F02B-CR18-0300416-S	“Two Bridgeport residents face charges after police said they committed voter fraud during Stratford’s mayoral election in Nov. 2017. … An investigation was launched by the Town Clerk’s Office after they noticed some discrepancies in absentee ballots signed out by Stevenson and Chappell. The investigation showed they forged and submitted at least two absentee ballots in Stratford while living in Bridgeport.”^[198]Tara O’Neill. “Stratford Police: 2 Bridgeport Residents Allegedly Committed Voter Fraud,” apnews.com, January 19, 2018 “The head of the Democratic party denied Friday that she had prior knowledge that two of her workers in her failed campaign for mayor allegedly forged absentee ballot applications.”^[199]Daniel Tepfer, “Stratford Police: 2 Bridgeport Residents Allegedly Committed Voter Fraud” ctpost.com, January 19, 2018 Case Notes: Geographical Area 2 (GA2) Court at Bridgeport Docket Number: F02B-CR18-0300416-S Court Records	Type of Election: Mayoral Party Affiliation: Democrat Theoretical Election Effect: No effect on Congressional or Presidential elections

Quick Facts:

Summary Chart: 2016-2020 Voter Fraud Convictions by State

Detailed Chart: 268 Voter Fraud Convictions between 2016 and 2020

ALABAMA – Convictions for Voter Fraud

ARIZONA – Convictions for Voter Fraud

ARKANSAS – Convictions for Voter Fraud

CALIFORNIA – Convictions for Voter Fraud

COLORADO – Convictions for Voter Fraud

CONNECTICUT – Convictions for Voter Fraud

FLORIDA – Convictions for Voter Fraud

ILLINOIS – Convictions for Voter Fraud

INDIANA – Convictions for Voter Fraud

IOWA – Convictions for Voter Fraud

KANSAS – Convictions for Voter Fraud

KENTUCKY – Convictions for Voter Fraud

LOUISIANA – Convictions for Voter Fraud

MARYLAND – Convictions for Voter Fraud

MICHIGAN – Convictions for Voter Fraud

MINNESOTA – Convictions for Voter Fraud

MISSISSIPPI – Convictions for Voter Fraud

MISSOURI – Convictions for Voter Fraud

NEBRASKA – Convictions for Voter Fraud

NEVADA – Convictions for Voter Fraud

NEW HAMPSHIRE – Convictions for Voter Fraud

NEW JERSEY – Convictions for Voter Fraud

NEW MEXICO – Convictions for Voter Fraud

NEW YORK – Convictions for Voter Fraud

NORTH CAROLINA – Convictions for Voter Fraud